Programming Languages

A topic-organised reference for the deeper JavaScript questions that surface in code review and interviews — duck typing, host environments, property descriptors revisited, Symbol and WeakMap, iterators and generators, the event loop, and the rules behind value vs reference semantics.

A complete tour of JavaScript modules — the historical landscape (IIFE, AMD, UMD, CommonJS), modern ES modules (export/import, default vs named, re-exports, dynamic import), interop between ESM and CJS in Node, package.json exports, and how TypeScript and bundlers fit in.

A practical introduction to functional programming in JavaScript — pure functions, immutability, first-class and higher-order functions, composition, currying, the standard-library toolkit, and where the discipline ends and pragmatism begins.

A reference tour of the modern object surface — property descriptors, Object.freeze / seal / preventExtensions, Symbol-keyed properties and well-known symbols, the iterable protocol, structuredClone, Object.groupBy, and proxies.

A complete tour of ES6 classes — constructors, instance and static members, inheritance with extends and super, private fields and methods, getters and setters, and how every class still sits on top of the prototype chain.

A deep, practical explanation of JavaScript prototypes — what [[Prototype]] really is, how the prototype chain is searched, the difference between `__proto__` and `prototype`, Object.create, and how prototypes power inheritance under the surface of every class.

A practical introduction to JavaScript objects — literals, property access, shorthand syntax, computed keys, methods, mutation by reference, and the difference between value semantics and reference semantics.

Modern JavaScript function features — destructured parameters with defaults, async / await, generators, iterators, tagged template literals, and the patterns that make production code readable.

A deep dive into the parts of JavaScript functions that everyone has to learn the hard way — closures, the `this` binding, `call` / `apply` / `bind`, higher-order functions, and the patterns built on top of them.

Introduction to JavaScript functions — function declarations, function expressions, arrow functions, parameters, default values, rest/spread, return values, and the difference between calling and referencing.

A practical guide to branching in modern JavaScript — truthy and falsy rules, if / else if / else, switch, the ternary operator, short-circuit evaluation, optional chaining (?.), and nullish coalescing (??).

A modern, practical tour of JavaScript arrays — literal vs constructor creation, sparse-array gotchas, the full iteration toolkit (forEach, map, filter, reduce, flat, find, some, every), destructuring and spread, and when to reach for typed arrays.

A modern, ES6+ first guide to declaring variables in JavaScript — when to use const, when to use let, why var still exists, and how scope, hoisting, and the temporal dead zone actually work.